Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896, with a population of just over 300. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced railroad tycoon Henry Flagler to extend his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami". The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops there were the only ones in Florida that survived. In the late 19th century, the area was known as "Biscayne Bay Country", and reports described it as a promising wilderness and "one of the finest building sites in Florida". Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native, was the original owner of the land upon which the city was built. Miami is noted as the only major city in the United States founded by a woman. As a result, the Miami area became a site of fighting in the Second Seminole War. built Fort Dallas on the banks of the Miami River as part of their development of the Florida Territory and their attempt to suppress and remove the Seminoles. Spain and Britain successively ruled Florida until Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later. In 1566, admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Florida's first governor, claimed the area for Spain. It is believed that the entire tribe migrated to Cuba by the mid-1700s. A village of hundreds of people, dating to 500–600 B.C., was located at the mouth of the Miami River. The Tequesta tribe occupied the Miami area for around 2,000 years before contact with Europeans. A significant risk to Miami as well as the state of Florida arises from environmental factors including hurricanes and other tropical storms, rising sea levels and the ongoing impact of climate change on the coastal areas of the city.Īpproximately 400 men voted for Miami's incorporation in 1896 in the building to the left. Miami continues to contend with a range of challenges affecting the metropolitan area, including significant and rising levels of traffic, continued rapid commercial development and urban sprawl. Miami is also a major tourism hub for international visitors, ranking second in the country after New York City. PortMiami is the busiest cruise port in the world in both passenger traffic and cruise lines, and refers to itself as the "Cruise Capital of the World".
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Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami among others, is a major center for hospitals, clinics, and the biotechnology and medical research industries. The Health District, home to Jackson Memorial Hospital and the Leonard M. Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States, and is home to many large national and international companies. In fact, Miami is the fourth-largest majority-Hispanic city in the United States, with 70.2% of its population being Hispanic in 2020. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America" and is one of the largest majority-minority cities in the United States. According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities, the city was ranked as the third-richest in the world and the second-richest in the United States in purchasing power. In 2019, Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. In 2020, Miami was classified as a Beta + level global city by the GaWC.
The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States, with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017.
Miami is a major center and leader in finance, commerce, culture, arts, and international trade. with over 300 high-rises, 58 of which exceed 491 ft (150 m). The city has the third-largest skyline in the U.S. With a population of 442,241 as of the 2020 census, it is the 44th-largest city in the United States and the core of the nation's eighth-largest metropolitan area. Miami ( / m aɪ ˈ æ m i/), officially the City of Miami, is a coastal metropolis located in Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida, United States. Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport
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